Abe, T., Kawakami, Y., Sugita, M., & Fukunaga, T. (1997). Relationship between training frequency and subcutaneous and visceral fat in women. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 29(12), 1549-1553.
· Twenty-six healthy women with sedentary lifestyles ( defined as less than 30min a day, 1 day a week) were randomly assigned to three groups:
1. Control group – changed nothing
2. Group that performed aerobic exercise 1-2 sessions/week and restricted calorie program
(-200 cal from current intake)
3. Group that performed aerobic exercise 3-4/week and maintaining current caloric intake
· Training programs lasted 13 weeks. Aerobic activity consisted of stationary cycling with intensity set at 50-60% of maximal heart rate
· Weight was measured using hydrostatic weighing technique
· Visceral vs. Subcutaneous fat was measured using B-mode ultrasonography
· Results
- Average energy cost of each training session ranged from 150 to 220 calories
- Approx weekly caloric deficits were 1960 cal/week
- Reduction in total body weight, body fat % and total fat mass following training was significant for both Groups 2 & 3.
- Group 3 showed no training induced differences in Visceral fat
- Subcutaneus fat was significantly reduced in Groups 3 but not Group 2.
- Group 2 exercised less and had less change in subcutaneous fat, there was a significant loss in visceral fat.
- Group 3 exercised more with less diet restriction and lost more subcutaneous fat than visceral fat but both losses were significant.
· Findings
- Decrease in subcutaneous fat (but not visceral) is proportional to the amount of aerobic exercise training whereas Visceral fat appears to be related more to a caloric deficit.
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